ABSTRACT

Purpose. This study aims to develop and evaluate a hybrid blockchain architecture-based e-learning platform designed to improve the security, transparency, and integrity of academic grade data at private universities in Indonesia. Methodology. A mixed methods approach was used, combining qualitative (interviews and focus group discussions) and quantitative (performance testing, System Usability Scale (SUS), and User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ)) analysis. The system testing involved 40 participants (20 students, 10 lecturers, and 10 administrative staff) with a staging server infrastructure with an Intel Xeon 8 core capacity, 16 GB of RAM, and a Proof of Authority (PoA)-based permissioned blockchain network. Results. The test results showed an average SUS score of 77.8, which is in the Good–Excellent category, indicating a high level of usability. Meanwhile, the UEQ results showed positive scores in all dimensions, with Attractiveness (5.6), Perspicuity (5.4), and Efficiency (5.2) as the highest values, while Stimulation (4.8) and Novelty (4.5) indicated the need for improvement in terms of innovation. From a technical perspective, the system can operate stably for up to 100 concurrent users with an average response time below 0.5 seconds and an error rate of <1%. The blockchain network demonstrated an effective throughput of ~100 TPS, a confirmation time of 2.1 seconds, and a transaction failure rate of only 0.2%. Implications for research and practice. These results confirm that the system is efficient, secure, and well-received by users, although optimization through auto-scaling, caching, and user experience enhancements are still needed. This research contributes to presenting a realistic empirical blockchain implementation model for the higher education sector in Indonesia.